Flu symptoms and complications
Flu Symptoms and Complications: What You Need to Know
Flu Symptoms
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, can range from mild to severe illness and in some cases, can be fatal. Flu symptoms usually develop suddenly, and those affected may experience a variety of signs. While not everyone will exhibit all symptoms, common flu symptoms include:
- Fever or feeling feverish with chills (Note: not all flu cases involve fever)
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Muscle or body aches
- Headaches
- Fatigue (feeling very tired)
- Vomiting and diarrhea (more common in children than adults)
These symptoms can often peak quickly and cause significant discomfort. The flu can be more than just a mild illness and should be taken seriously, especially in high-risk groups.
Flu Complications
While most people recover from the flu within a few days to two weeks, some individuals may develop complications, ranging from moderate to severe. Flu complications can be life-threatening and may require medical intervention. Common complications include:
- Sinus infections and ear infections (moderate complications)
- Pneumonia (caused by the flu virus alone or co-infection with bacteria)
- Inflammation of the heart (myocarditis), brain (encephalitis), or muscle tissues (myositis, rhabdomyolysis)
- Sepsis – the body’s life-threatening response to infection
- Multi-organ failure (e.g., respiratory and kidney failure)
- Worsening of chronic medical conditions (e.g., asthma, heart disease)
The flu virus attacks the respiratory tract, which can trigger severe inflammatory responses throughout the body. This, combined with the exacerbation of existing medical conditions, makes flu a potentially dangerous illness, particularly for those in high-risk categories.
Who is at Higher Risk for Flu-Related Complications?
While anyone can catch the flu, certain individuals are more likely to experience serious flu-related complications. The following groups are considered high-risk:
- People 65 years and older
- People of any age with chronic medical conditions (e.g., asthma, diabetes, heart disease)
- Pregnant individuals
- Children under 5 years old, with special attention to those younger than 2 years old
These groups should take extra precautions during flu season and seek medical advice early if symptoms arise.
Emergency Warning Signs of Flu Complications
For both children and adults, there are specific signs that indicate a need for urgent medical care. If you or someone you know is experiencing any of the following symptoms, it’s crucial to seek immediate medical attention.
In Children:
- Fast breathing or trouble breathing
- Bluish lips or face
- Ribs pulling in with each breath
- Chest pain
- Severe muscle pain (child refuses to walk)
- Dehydration (no urine for 8 hours, dry mouth, no tears when crying)
- Not alert or interacting when awake
- Seizures
- Fever above 104°F that is not controlled by fever-reducing medicine
- In children younger than 12 weeks: any fever
- Fever or cough that improves but then returns or worsens
- Worsening of chronic medical conditions
In Adults:
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- Persistent pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
- Persistent dizziness, confusion, or inability to arouse
- Seizures
- Not urinating
- Severe muscle pain
- Severe weakness or unsteadiness
- Fever or cough that improves but then returns or worsens
- Worsening of chronic medical conditions
These warning signs are not all-inclusive. If you notice any other symptoms that are severe or concerning, consult a healthcare professional as soon as possible.
Conclusion: Managing Flu and Recognizing Complications
The flu is a serious illness that can lead to mild to severe complications, depending on the individual and the presence of underlying health conditions. Understanding the symptoms and recognizing the warning signs early can prevent more severe outcomes. Always consult with a medical provider for personalized advice, especially if you or someone in your family is at a higher risk of flu-related complications.
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